Posted: April 4th, 2015

Annotated Bibliography

Alan, D., Castel, K., David, A., & McCabe, D. (2011). The Development of Memory Efficiency and Value-Directed Remembering Across the Life Span: A Cross-Sectional Study of Memory and Selectivity. Developmental Psychology, 47(6), 1553–1564.

The above journal evaluated a research about the development and control of memory status in terms of capacity and efficiency amongst individuals of varying age groups ranging between 5 and 95 years. The research covered a population of 320 individuals where they were asked to examine and recall various items based on their phase values. Relative to memory capacity, age difference was a core factor as younger participants remembered more of the items compared to the older participants. In regards to memory efficiency, younger and older participants were highly selective to remember items of high value.

Altschul, I., Oyserman, D., & Bybee, D. (2006). Racial–ethnic identity in mid-adolescence: Content and change as predictors of grades. Child Development, 77, 1155–1169.

This journal hypothesized various aspects of racial ethnic identity (REI) related to the respective racial ethnic groupings of the participants to determine their grade point average (GPA). This was primarily based on REI connectedness and academic attainment. The study examined randomly youths between two walks of life; rural (low income earners) and urban schools. Both groups of participants showed small increment in REI as well as REI grades relationship. However, those with high REI connectedness together with academic attainment had high GPA which is not influenced by the race ethnicity.

Anastasia, E. (2006). Metacognition and affect: What can metacognitive experiences tell us about the learning process? Educational Research Review, 1(1)3-14.

This paper purposes to outline the significance of familiarizing ourselves with one of the major areas about metacognition, metacognitive experience (ME) which is based on feelings, judgment and specific knowledge. The authors highly concentrate on the influence of ME that has long been ignored. Me are described as inferential processes that are non analytical and non-conscious. For this reason they can rapidly trigger both the conscious and non-conscious influence in decision making. The study evaluates the ME relation that influence cognition and the effects arising due to ME inaccuracy. The emphasis on ME is directed towards judgment levels and feelings control.

B-DI.com (n.d.). Understanding behavioral individuality. Retrieved on November 15, 2012 from: http://www.temperament.com/index.html

This article uncovers the behavioral aspects observed in infants, children and adults as well. These behavioral aspects or temperaments are different and unique in each individual just like their inborn physical characteristics. The emphasis of this study is based on works of Alexander Thomas, Stella Chess and their colleagues.

Brodal, P. (2010). The Central Nervous System. New York: Oxford University Press.

This book provides the knowhow and understanding about the structure and functions of the Central Nervous System. The author further surveys the field of clinical neuroscience to enhance medical students knowledge and understanding of neuroscience and its influence on critical thinking. This is to be achieved by learning the concise and clear brain structures, descriptions and functioning based on clinical neurology.

Esterson, A. (1993). Seductive mirage: An exploration of the work of Sigmund Freud. Chicago: Open Court.

This book examines Sigmund Freud’s contribution about behavior aspects. The author emphasizes on the complications which arises based on Freud’s behavioral theories. Although many feel that Freud’s theories are incomplete, there are impressions that they totally explore the mind’s hidden depths to uncover the reality.

Freud, S. (1962). Civilization and its discontents. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.

This article compares between the human civilized lifestyle with the savage lifestyle to come up with the general understanding of civilization. The author uses various theories to elaborate aspects of civilization in human life and the society. Furthermore, Freud emphasis on human character and conscience and it influence on civilization. Aggressiveness and self-destruction are highlighted as the main conflicts affecting civilization.

Kohlberg, L. (1958). Essays on moral development, vol. I: The philosophy of moral development. San Francisco, CA: Harper & Row.

This paper examines about moral judgment development on children and adolescents using theories of moral thinking. The author of this paper expands the previous idea of Piaget’s work. However, his emphasis lies more on justice which is evident throughout human’s lifetime. Using dilemma models like Heinz’s children potential of justifying their actions is examined in six different stages. The survey is carried on 72 boys from Chicago with the age ranging between 10 to 16 years.

Kohlberg, L. (1973). The claim to moral adequacy of a highest stage of moral judgment. The Journal of Philosophy, 70(18), 630–646.

This paper examines one of the major claims raised in the previous Kohlberg’s article about moral judgment. The claim is about stages of moral judgment particular the later or higher stage/stage 6. This is objectively advocated for more than the earlier stage of moral judgment based on certain moral criteria. This is attributed to the fact that in stage 6 dilemmas are more justifiable using moral judgment.

Laitin, D. D. (1998). Identity in formation: The Russian-speaking populations in the near abroad. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell Univ. Press.

This book portrays the radical identity crises that erupted with the fall of Soviet Union. The crisis is triggered by the rise nationalism of different sovereign groups claiming different identities. The author describes Russian speakers the beached diaspora due to the fact that never migrated but were rather absorbed by new republics. The author emphasis on how this population including its generation will learn the languages of nation that absorbed them. Further, the author describes the Russian population as a new identity developed from the post Soviet world.

Piaget, J. (1932). The moral judgment of the child. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co.

The author of this book highlights the primary problem facing children our societies, differentiating right and wrong. This is analyzed using a game selected that is passed from one particular children group to another. It is from this game that observations of children adherence to the games rules are examined based on the moral judgment of the group. Additionally, changes in altitudes of these children in respect to these moral realities are also evaluated during the survey.

Rosenbaum, S., & Kay, J. (2006). Providing Health Care for Low-Income Children: Reconciling Child Health Goals with Child Health Financing Realities. The Milbank Quarterly, 64(3), 442-478.

This journal highlights the equitability of resources and accesses to healthcare in children more so those from poor backgrounds. The emphasis of this journal is centered on Medicaid, a major financing source for such care. It examines one of its programs, Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment (EPSDT) in 50 states. This is targeted to evaluate the obstacles hindering adequate financing as well as sound standards of the program practices.

Rutgers School of Arts and Sciences. (2012). Cognitive Psychology. Retrieved on November, 15 2012 from: http://psych.rutgers.edu/co

This article uncovers information about cognitive psychology in relation to human mind and its mental functioning like language, reasoning, learning and so forth. The emphasis of this study focuses on the brain as the control unit of the human mind.

Smith, K. (2010). Fostering regimes of truth: understanding and reflecting on the Freedom School way. Pedagogy, Culture & Society, 18(2), 191-209.

This journal focuses on the school enrichment programme, Freedom School, from North American. It emphasis lies on how the participants entangled in this programme enjoyed the freedom in school. Additionally, looks on the ideologies, behaviors and the disclosures as endorsed by the Children Defense Fund (CDF). The survey analyses 36 youth participants who are part of the programme using Michael Foucault’s analysis method to arrive at the results.

Wolfe, D. (1999). Child abuse: Implications for child development and psychopathology (2nd Edition). Thousand Oaks: Sage

This book is devoted primarily on social and clinical issues that are of much importance to child abuse. In this respect, the author addresses various forms of abuse and evaluates their impact on the social development of children and adolescents. It applies theories and surveys in order to determine the contextual influence the abuse has and how to overcome it.