Posted: December 4th, 2014

CHILD DIARRHEAL DISEASE IN HAITI

CHILD DIARRHEAL DISEASE IN HAITI

Order Description

Policy Brief Assignment – November 2014

Objective: The objectives of the global health policy brief is to foster expertise in rapid information gathering, assessment, and written organizational and communication skills in addressing important health issues. This effort requires independent informational research and the preparation of a concise yet comprehensive report written in a logical format, to include recommendations that will be understandable to an audience of individuals responsible for planning and implementing programs designed to improve health. As such, briefs should be practical in their orientation. The brief has a text limit of 4 pages, double-spaced, one inch margins, with minimum 10 point font size. You can use a 5th page for references and may add another page if you wish to use a table or figure. Peer reviewed references are mandatory. It is easier to write a long paper of little substance than a short paper with great substance.

CHILD DIARRHEAL DISEASE IN HAITI
Haiti struggles with highest child mortality ratio in the Americas, and is ranked higher in child mortality than many sub-Saharan African countries. The overall CMR in 2012 was 76 deaths/1000 live births. Eleven percent of these under 5 deaths in Haiti was attributable to diarrheal disease. You work for UNICEF and are trying to convince your superiors to launch a fundraising campaign to specifically tackle diarrheal disease in Haiti. Prepare a short brief on the child diarrheal disease situation in Haiti USING THE ELEMENTS LISTED BELOW. If possible, address which particular diarrheal pathogens are responsible for most of the diarrheal cases, and whether there are preventive measures for these pathogens (e.g. vaccines). In your brief, include vaccine and other preventive recommendations, and recommendations for treatments or supportive therapies that will reduce the child mortality from diarrheal disease in Haiti. Support these recommendations with evidence for the success of the specific vaccines, preventive measures (e.g. breastfeeding), and supportive treatments.

The following elements NEED TO BE INCLUDED:
1) Background/history of disease in the country or region and potential number of people who are at risk.

2) General information about the disease – Etiology, diagnosis, and treatment
o (e.g.) Infectious agent and its natural reservoir, and where applicable, any vectors or significant life-cycle stages relevant to its spread.
o Modes of transmission to human hosts
o Known or suspected risk factors
o Common symptoms & How it is diagnosed (both what is possible and what is practical – e.g. laboratory or clinical diagnosis)
o Treatment – Including all types of treatments and specifying what is available/feasible for this population.
3) Surveillance Efforts: Describe the prevalence or incidence of the disease in the country or region and how this is known. Note any challenges with surveillance efforts or limitations with the data being collected. (e.g. is it over or under reported, of likely to be misclassified?)
4) Context of the Disease: Describe various socio-political- and environmental factors that may influence the spread or control of this disease, such as culture/prevailing health beliefs, demographics and health of the population (e.g. economics, density, co-morbidities), infrastructure, political will, and the environment.)
5) Past prevention efforts, in the region or globally as relevant – highlighting past success or failures that seem relevant for this context.
6) Policy Recommendations – Propose strategies for how the situation should be handled moving forward. These should be stated as policy recommendations that the Country should adopt that are relevant for their population.

SOURCES:
1. BOOK: Mountains Beyond Mountains: The Quest of Paul Farmer to cure the world.
2. Derby KS1, Lucien MA, Leshem E, Steenland MW, Juin S, Joseph GA, Katz MA. (2014). Hospitalizations and deaths caused by diarrhea in children five years old and younger at four hospitals in Haiti, 2010-2012. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2014 Feb;90(2):291-3. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0370. Epub 2013 Dec 16.
3. http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/haiti_statistics.html
4. http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/countries/haiti/
5. http://www.plosntds.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pntd.0001145&representation=PDF

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