Posted: February 4th, 2015

Criminal Law

Criminal Law

Order Description

Guidance:

• For Q 1, you are clearly going to have to analyse the proposed new crime into its constituent elements (actus reus and mens rea) and explain them, and undertake some

research into its mode of trial classification. Some brief explanation of ‘omissions’ liability and of ‘causation’ is also obviously required. You will find it helpful

to read your textbook ofr its explanation and examination of ‘possession’ offences (the proposed new offence in Clause 66, will, if enacted, join a long list of

already existing ‘possession’ offences and there is, consequently, caselaw on what it means to ‘possess’ something).
• For Q 2, you are obviously required to read your lecture and workshop notes, and your textbook, on the actus reus and mental elements of a crime. You will need to

apply the ingredients of the proposed new offence to the facts.

Whatever conclusions you draw, explain them: your tutors want to see the process by which you arrive at your conclusions, not simply the conclusions themselves – i.e.

we are more interested in your reasoning in applying the law, than in your concrete conclusions.

Take care with online sources – many are poor: leave well alone if you cannot identify the author (a person or organisation), the date the piece was written and its

purpose.

The word limit for the assignment is 2,000.
Footnotes and Bibliography will not be included in the word count but should not be abused. Any excess work which goes over the word limit will not be marked.

– MUST BE OSCOLA REFERENCED
– MUST HAVE A TABLE OF CASES

Assessment Title and Tasks:

Read the following clause contained in the Serious Offences Bill, currently (November, 2014) going through Parliament:

“66 Possession of paedophile manual
(1) It is an offence to be in possession of any item that contains advice or guidance about abusing children sexually.

(2) It is a defence for a person (D) charged with an offence under this section—
(a) to prove that D had a legitimate reason for being in possession of the item;
(b) to prove that—
(i) D had not read, viewed or (as appropriate) listened to the item, and
(ii) D did not know, and had no reason to suspect, that it contained advice or guidance about abusing children sexually; or
(c) to prove that—
(i) the item was sent to D without any request made by D or on D’s behalf, and
(ii) D did not keep it for an unreasonable time.

(3) A person guilty of an offence under this section is liable—
(a) on summary conviction in England and Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to a fine, or to both;
…
(c) on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 years or to a fine, or to both.

(4) Proceedings for an offence under this section may be brought—
(a) in England and Wales, only by or with the consent of the Director of Public Prosecutions;
…

(8) In this section—
“abusing children sexually” means doing anything that constitutes—
(a) an offence under Part 1 of the Sexual Offences Act 2003, …, against a person under 16, or
(b) an offence under section 1 of the Protection of Children Act 1978, … involving indecent photographs (but not pseudo-photographs), or doing anything outside

England and Wales …that would constitute such an offence if done in England and Wales …;
“item” includes anything in which information of any description is recorded;
“prohibited item” means an item within subsection (1).”

Question 1: 60 marks

a. What is the mode of trial for the proposed new offence of possession of a ‘paedophile manual’? (refer to the sub-clause in clause 66 which tells you this).

5 marks

b. If enacted, will the new offence be a ‘conduct’ crime or a ‘result’ crime – or a ‘status’ crime? (Briefly explain the reason for your answer).
5 marks

c. (i) What is the actus reus of the proposed new offence?
(ii) Sub-clause (8) states that ‘abusing children sexually’ means doing anything that would amount to a crime under Part 1, Sexual Offences Act, 2003 against a person

under 16. Briefly summarise the relevant offences against persons under 16 in Part 1 of that Act.
(iii) If enacted, would it be possible to commit the new possession crime by omission? Is causation required as part of the actus reus?

30 marks

d. Will the new crime, if enacted, require proof of any mens rea? If so, what is it?

20 marks

Question 2: 40 marks

Read the following hypothetical scenario and then answer the question which follows. For the purposes of answering this question, assume that clause 66 has been

enacted and is now section 66, Serious Offences Act 2014.

Jack is a university lecturer who is a specialist in criminology (the study of crime as a social phenomenon). His current research concerns sexual offending against

children: Jack is interested in trying to identify factors that lead offenders to offend. Jack has already published some articles on this subject in academic

criminology journals. Mark, who has just read one of these articles, traces Jack’s e-mail account and then sends Jack, by e-mail attachment, a recording he (Mark) made

of himself abusing a child of 10. The recording is explicit and detailed. The ‘subject line’ in the e-mail is, ‘This will interest you’. Jack clicks on the e-mail

attachment and sees that its title is ‘Mark: with a child.’ Jack closes the attachment down without listening to or watching it.

He opens the attachment some two weeks later and listens to and watches it. He is disgusted by it but decides to keep it for his work on offending.

The police, in the course of investigating Mark for various sex offences against children, eventually search Jack’s premises and seize his computer. They find the

recording sent by Mark and arrest Jack on suspicion of an offence under section 66.

Advise Jack as to whether he is likely to be found liable for this crime, including discussion of any defence(s) which Jack might rely on.

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