Posted: December 5th, 2016

Discuss the origins of the term “white-collar crime.”

These are the basic instructions for all assignments listed below: Corporate Crime (x) Instructions Upon completion of the Required Readings, write a thorough, well-planned narrative answer to each of the following discussion questions. Rely on your Required Readings and the Lecture and Research Update for specific information to answer each discussion question, but turn to your original thoughts when asked to apply, evaluate, analyze, or synthesize the information. Your Discussion Question responses should be both grammatically and mechanically correct, and formatted in the same fashion as the questions themselves. If there is a Part A, your response should identify a Part A, etc. In addition, you must appropriately cite all resources used in your responses and document in a bibliography using APA style.

1. Discussion Question 1_01 Discuss the origins of the term “white-collar crime.” Trace its evolution in American society by analyzing the sociological and economic factors that impeded as well as drew increased attention of criminologists to white-collar crime, and provide one (1) example from the text or headlines in your discussion. Also, discuss two (2) reasons why Americans have not expressed the same amount of outrage over white-collar crimes as they have over street crime and discuss two (2) examples of this lack of outrage. (25 points) (A 1½-page response is required.)

2. Discussion Question 1_02 Discuss what statistical data reveals about white-collar crime as well as two (2) reasons it is difficult to measure the prevalence of such crime. Include in your discussion an overview of current data sources, with particular emphasis on one (1) issue of bias in official data collection. (25 points) (A 1½-page response is required.)

3. Activity 1_03 Consumer Fraud and State Regulation

This Activity is comprised of three (3) parts. Your Activity responses should be both grammatically and mechanically correct and formatted in the same fashion as the Activity itself. If there is a Part A, your response should identify a Part A, etc. In addition, you must appropriately cite all resources used in your response and document them in a bibliography using APA style. (100 points) (A 3-page response is required for the combination of parts A, B, and C.)

From local or national newspapers, news magazines, or journals, select and research one (1) specific type of corporate or white collar crime committed against consumers (i.e., telemarketing, price fixing, false advertising, etc.). Identify the agency in your state charged with regulating this type of illegal activity. For instance, if a complaint were filed against a company that engaged in interior design in the State of Georgia, the regulatory agency would be the Georgia State Board of Architects and Interior Designers; this board was created by legislation enacted in 1919 to protect the public health, safety, and welfare by regulating the activities of persons engaged in the architectural profession.

Part A Describe the type of consumer crime you have chosen, the potential victims, why the action is considered a crime, possible sanctions, and perceived societal reaction to the offense. Provide examples. (60 points)

Part B Discuss the state agency charged with regulating the industry. (20 points)

Part C Integrate the relevancy of Sutherland’s ideas of social class and occupational position with the type of crime selected. (20 points)

4. Discussion Question 2_04 The text refers to the Reagan administration as “a golden age of environmental crime.” Describe the Reagan administration’s position on the government’s role in protecting the environment and discuss the environmental abuse of the 1980’s concerning toxic waste including how the United States was viewed during this time. Then discuss the sanctions for environmental abuse and how environmental abusers avoided criminal liability during this time period. Finally, in your opinion, discuss whether or not the United States can sustain both economic growth and meaningful environmental protection at the same time. (25 points) (A 1½-page response is required).

5. Discussion Question 2_05 Discuss the Jim Bakker case covered in your text. Describe two (2) “costs” that resulted from this case of televangelism fraud. Discuss two (2) ways the National Religious Broadcasters (NRB) is trying to combat religious fraud and how effective has it been in policing its own ministry. What issues does the government face in trying to regulate this “industry,” and what other remedies are suggested to address this kind of religious fraud. (25 points) (A 1½-page response is required.)

6. Discussion Question 3_06 Discuss how laissez-faire and deregulation policies may have contributed to large-scale corruption of the Savings and Loan (S&L) industry. Include the following issues in your discussion. Provide an explanation on how the passing of two (2) major laws in the early 1980s opened the door to the S&L disaster. Then discuss three (3) conclusions of the federally funded study on the S&L fraud and describe what impact the various unethical and illegal practices have had on the industry itself. (30 points) (A 2-page response is required.)

7. Discussion Question 3_07 Compare Michael Milken and Charles Keating. Include a discussion of commonalities in their personalities and motivations, a summary of Keating’s and Milken’s history of fraud, and an evaluation of their criminal consequences. (20 points) (A 1-page response is required.)

8. Activity 3_08 Theoretical Perspectives

This Activity has two (2) parts. Your Activity responses should be both grammatically and mechanically correct and formatted in the same fashion as the Activity itself. If there is a Part A, your response should identify a Part A, etc. In addition, you must appropriately cite all resources used in your response and document them in a bibliography using APA style. (100 points) (A 3-page response is required for Part B.)

Part A Review the following three (3) articles on corporate criminal liability.

Geraghty, A. (2002, Spring). Corporate criminal liability. American Criminal Law Review, 39(2), 327.

Poling, J. (2001, Spring). Corporate criminal liability. American Criminal Law Review, 38(3), 525-55.

Recine, J. S. (2002, Fall). Examination of the white-collar crime penalty enhancements in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. American Criminal Law Review, 39(4), 1535.

Part B Write a research paper on corporate criminal liability that meets the following criteria. (100 points) 1. Compare the two (2) theoretical perspectives on punishment for corporate criminals espoused by optimal penalty theorists and retribution theorists. (40 points) 2. Which of the theoretical perspectives do you support? Defend your choice. (30 points) 3. Include discussion of at least three (3) additional journal articles to support your position. (30 points