emergency room visit

emergency room visit

a) What factors leading up to the emergency room visit allowed this infection to spread?
b) Why would a fish tooth in the wound lead to infection and would the infection have occurred if the tooth had not been left in the wound?
c) What did the red streaks up the arm mean? What was occurring and why did it show as red streaks?
d) What did the pus mean in the wound? What is pus?
e) Why were IV antibiotics used instead of oral antibiotics?
f) Why was Richard not allowed to return to work until the infection was gone?

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Mary is a 35 y.o. female, 5 foot 3 inches tall, 110 pounds who has been on oral birth control pills for 5 years. She does regular breast self exams. Her aunt on her mother’s side is the only other family member known to have had breast cancer. Mary found a lump in her right breast while doing a self exam. She immediately made an appointment with her physician. Over the next few days, she had a physical examination and a mammogram. The mammogram showed a growth and a biopsy was recommended. The biopsy showed cancer and surgery was scheduled.

During surgery, a few surrounding lymph nodes were sent to the lab and since some showed cancer cells, a mastectomy was done. Per Mary’s wishes, a mastectomy was also done on the ‘healthy’ left breast. After surgery, the breast tissue of both breasts was examined. The lab testing found the following.,CLICK HERE TO GET MORE………

Right Breast: Invasive ductal carcinoma; Stage 2; Estrogen Receptor (ER) positive
Left Breast: Ductal carcinoma in situ; also ER positive.

Mary was treated with radiation and put on tamoxifen as follow-up. She also began the process of having breast implants.

a) What risk factors did Mary have for breast cancer? What risk factors were not given in the case study, but might have been present?
b) Mary’s left breast did not show any lumps in the mammogram or physical exam, and yet she had requested that if a mastectomy was done on the right that it be done on the left also. Why would a patient choose to have a presumably healthy breast removed?
c) If Mary had not had the left breast mastectomy, would the ductal carcinoma in situ be a problem in the future? Why or why not.
d) What does the staging of the cancer indicate? What stage would the left breast cancer be and why?
e) What does being ER positive mean? What help does this give to doctors in determining treatment?
f) Why was radiation used? Why was tamoxifen used and what class of medications does this medication belong to?