Posted: May 7th, 2015

hpv

On 29 November 2006, the Australian Government announced funding for a HPV vaccination program. When the vaccine was first introduced, a catch-up program that consisted of two components (a school-based program and a community-based program) was instituted. The school-based catch-up program for 12 to 18 year old girls ceased in 2008. HPV immunization in the community-based catch-up program was available through general practice and community immunization services for 13 to 26 year old women.

Currently the HPV vaccines are registered for use in Australia in females aged 9–26 years and in males aged 9–15 years. The HPV vaccine is currently funded for 12-13 year old girls in the first year of secondary school, with a recent decision to commence a funded program for boys commencing in 2013 in Australia.

When the HPV vaccine was first introduced, people felt that the long-term effectiveness was uncertain and that it was unnecessary when a successful screening program was available for women. However, the government decided to go ahead with introducing the vaccine.

Questions

1. What factors do you think the Government took into account when making their decision?
2. Was a cost effectiveness study undertaken prior to the HPV vaccines being introduced? What were the findings from this study and how did the results compare to other vaccines being considered for introduction?
3. Do you think that the decision to implement the HPV vaccine was politically motivated? Discuss the arguments that were made for and against the introduction of the HPV vaccine campaign.
4. Uptake for the vaccine varies amongst different groups and nationalities. Discuss the barriers and facilitators impacting on uptake of the HPV vaccine around the world.
5.    Why has the Government decided to extend the HPV vaccine campaign now to include boys?
6. What systems do developing countries need to consider for program monitoring?

 

Some refrences.

Shannon Stokley, Jenny Jeyarajah, David Yankey, Maria Cano, Julianne Gee, Jill Roark, C. Robinette Curtis, Lauri Markowitz. Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Coverage Among Adolescents, 2007–2013, and Postlicensure Vaccine Safety Monitoring, 2006–2014 — United States WeeklyJuly 25, 2014 / 63(29);620-4

Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. (2014). FAQs – National HPV Vaccination Program Register. Retrieved from National HPV Vaccination Program Register: http://www.hpvregister.org.au/health-professionals/faq

Gretig, D. M., Brotherton, J. M., &Saville, M. (2011).Measuring human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage and the role of the National HPV Vaccination Program Register, Australia. Carlton South: CSIRO.

Judge, K. (2012).Foundation Scholar Studies HPV Vaccine Uptake in College Women. American Nurse, 44(6) , 4-19.

Parry, J. (2007). Vaccinating against Cervical Cancer: Since Last Year, It Has Become Possible to Vaccinate against the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) That Causes Most Cases of Cervical Cancer, but Countries Face Tough Decisions before Making the Vaccine Widely Available. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 85(2) , 3-18.

Garland SM, Brotherton JM, Condon JR, et al. Human papillomavirus prevalence among Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian women prior to a national HPV vaccination program. BMC Medicine 2011;9:104.

Condon JR, Armstrong BK, Barnes A, Cunningham J. Cancer in Indigenous Australians: a review. Cancer Causes and Control 2003;14:109-21

Gretig, D. M., Brotherton, J. M., &Saville, M. (2011).Measuring human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage and the role of the National HPV Vaccination Program Register, Australia. Carlton South: CSIRO.

Jin, X. W., Lipold, L., Sikon, A., & Rome, E. (2014). Human papillomavirus vaccine: Safe, effective, underused. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 49-60.

D’Souza, C., Sullivan Mort, G., Zyngier, S., Robinson, P. &Schlotterlein, M. (2013). Preventative Innovation: An Australian case study on HPV vaccination. Health Marketing Quarterly, 30 (3), 206-220, DOI: 10.1080/07359683.2013.814486

 

 

 

Watson, M., Shaw, D., Molchanoff, L. &McInnes, C. (2008). Challenges, lessons learned and results following the implrematation of a human papilloma virusschool vaccination program in South Australia. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 33 (4), 365 – 370.

Brandt, H. M. (2009). HPV Vaccine Acceptance in a Clinic-Based Sample of Women in the Rural South. American Journal of Health Education, 40(3), 5-23.

Jared, R. (2010). HPV Vaccine Protects Women Even Longer. International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 36(1) , 4-32.

Manitoba center for health policy. (2009). Concept: Manitoba Immunization Monitoring System (MIMS). Retrieved from, http://mchp-appserv.cpe.umanitoba.ca/viewConcept.php?conceptID=1032. (Accessed August 25, 2014).

Partrick, L. F. Z. (2009). Global safety of vaccines: strengthening systems for monitoring, management and the role of GACVS. Retrieved from, http://www.who.int/immunization_safety/global_committee/Global_Vaccine_Safety_GACVS_June_09.pdf. (Accessed

Australia Government, Department of Health. The Australian Immunisation Handbook 10th edition 2013 (updated January 2014). pp.235-246. http://www.immunise.health.gov.au/internet/immunise/publishing.nsf/Content/EE1905BC65D40BCFCA257B26007FC8CA/$File/handbook-Jan2014v2.pdf

Australia Government, Department of Health.National Cervical Screening Program. 2013. nsf/Content/cervical-about”>http://www.cancerscreening.gov.au/internet/screening/publishing.nsf/Content/cervical-about

National HPV Vaccination Program.About the HPV Register. 2014. www.hpvregister.org.au/parents-teens

NCIRS. Fact Sheet: HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV) VACCINES FOR AUSTRALIANS: INFORMATION FOR IMMUNISATION PROVIDERS. 2013.

Dillner J, ArbynM,UngerE,Dilner L Monitoring of human papillomavirus vaccination.ClinExpImmunol. Jan 2011; 163(1): 17–25.

Graham, J. E., & Mishra, A. (2011).Global challenges of implementing human papilomavirus vaccines. Retrieved from, http://www.equityhealthj.com/content/10/1/27. (Accessed August 26, 2014).

 

Judge, K. (2012).Foundation Scholar Studies HPV Vaccine Uptake in College Women. American Nurse, 44(6) , 4-19.

Manitoba center for health policy. (2009). Concept: Manitoba Immunization Monitoring System (MIMS). Retrieved from, http://mchp-appserv.cpe.umanitoba.ca/viewConcept.php?conceptID=1032. (Accessed August 27, 2014).

Human papillomavirus vaccine support, accessed 28 August 2014, < http://www.gavi.org/support/nvs/human-papillomavirus-vaccine-support/>. Markowitz L, Tsu V, Deeks SL, Cubie H, Wang Sam Vicari AS, Brotherton JML 2014, ‘Human papillomavirus vaccine introduction- the first five years’, Vaccine, vol. 32, issue 10, pp 139- 148, accessed 28 August 2014 via Elsevier. WHO 2010, Human papillomavirus vaccine; WHO position paper, accessed 29 August 2014, <http://www.rho.org/files/rb4/HPV_Vaccine_Position_Paper_WHO_2009.pdf>.

Ashton, T and Sopina, E 2012, ‘Value for money from HPV vaccination and cervical screening’, Human vaccines and immunotherapeutics, vol. 8, no. 6, pp.828-30

Choi, HC, Leung, GM, Woo, PP, Jit, M, Wu, JT 2013, ‘Acceptability and uptake of female adolescent HPV vaccination in Hong Kong: a survey of mothers and adolescents’, Vaccine, vol. 32, no. 1, pp.78-84.

D’hauwers, KWM, Gadet, PFE, Donders, ART, Tjalma, WA 2013, ‘Impact of medical education on knowledge and attitudes regarding the human papillomavirus and vaccination: comparison before and 6 years after the introduction on the vaccines’, Vaccine, vol. 31, no. 49, pp.5943-47.

Herweijer, E, Level, A, Ploner, A, Eloranta, A, Simard, JF, Dillner, J, Netterlid, E, Sparen, P, Arnheim-Dalstrom, L 2014, ‘Association of varying number of doses of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine with incidence of condylomata, JAMA, vol. 311, no. 6, pp.597-603

Ladner, J, Besson, MH, Hampshire, R, Tapert, L, Chirenje, M, Saba, J 2012, ‘Assessment of eight HPV vaccination programs implemented in lowest income countries’, BMC Public Health, vol. 12, no. 370, pp.1-8

Levin, A., Wang, S., Levin, C., Tsu, V. &Hutubessy, R. (2014). Costs of Introducing and Delivering HPV Vaccines in Low and Lower Middle Income Countries: Inputs for GAVI Policy on Introduction Grant Support to Countries. PLoS One, 9(6) doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101114 Accessed 28.08.14 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4072768/

MacNeil, A., Dietz, V &Cherian, T. (2014). Vaccine preventable diseases: Time to re-examine global surveillance data? Vaccien 32 (20), 2315-2320

Schlipköter U, Flahault A. (2010). Communicable diseases: achievements and challenges for public health. Public Health Reviews;32:90-119.

St. Louis, M. (2012).Global health surveillance. MMWR, 61 (3), 15-19

NNii.(2010). Monitoring Vaccine safety. Retrieved from, http://www.immunizationinfo.org/parents/why-immunize/monitoring-vaccine-safety. (accessed August 27, 2014).

WHO.(2014). Immunization Surveillance, assessment and monitoring. Retrieved from, http://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/en/. (Accessed August 26, 2014).

Chang Y, Brewer NT, Rinas AC, Schmitt K, Smith JS 2009, ‘Evaluating the impact of human papilloma virus vaccines’, Vaccine, vol. 27, issue 32, pp. 4355-4362, accessed 30 August 2014 from Elsevier.

Hariri S, Dunne E, Soraiya M, Unger E, Markowitz L 2014, Centre for Disease a Control, Manual for surveillance of vaccine preventable diseases, accessed 31 August 2014, <cdc.gov>.

Judge, K. (2012).Foundation Scholar Studies HPV Vaccine Uptake in College Women. American Nurse, 44(6) , 4-19.

WHO.(2014). Immunization Surveillance, assessment and monitoring. Retrieved from, http://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/en/. (Accessed August 29, 2014).

Cutts, F. T. (2007). Human Papillomavirus and HPV Vaccines: A review/Virus Du PapillomeHumainetVaccins Anti-VPH: bilan/PapilomavirusHumanos Y Vacunas Anti-PVH: Revision. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 85(9) , 3-21.

Graham, J. E., & Mishra, A. (2011).Global challenges of implementing human papilomavirus vaccines. Retrieved from, HYPERLINK “http://www.equityhealthj.com/content/10/1/27” (Accessed August 20, 2014).