Posted: April 15th, 2015

Identifying nurse managers education and training needs for disaster management in Saudi Arabia?

I. QUESTION:

Identifying nurse managers education and training needs for disaster management in Saudi Arabia?

I.1) Background

There are evidences for increasing in the disaster numbers internationally (Yamashita & Kudo, 2014). These disasters could be natural, man made or combine of both types (Veenema, 2012). Disasters in the last decades made significant negative impacts on economy, health and social life of communities. So, to cope with disasters, training and education for disaster managers could play an important role to reduce the potential affects of disasters.

Previous researchs in many countries approved that healthcare providers are not well prepared for disasters. In more particular, nurses managers who are the leaders for the largest groups among other healthcare providers in many health organisations. They may lack of knowledge and skills due to limited education and training opportunities (Hammad, Arbon, & Gebbie, 2011). In Saudi Arabia, the number of disasters has increased and had significant damages on the infrastructures and affected people health. Thus, it is worthy to understand the effectiveness of education and training about disaster preparedness on nurses’ managers. This review will include all studies that include nurse managers as participants, studies that are written either in Arabic or English. Therefore, education and training needs for disaster nurse managers will be identified.

I.2) PICO Framework and Search strategies:

The scope of reviewing the existed literature to understand what is known and what is not known was based on PICO framework.  Table 1.1 provides summary information on PICO framework. The keywords and their synonyms that identified previously in the PICO would be very significant and considered as the base for systematic searching of literature review. It further, helped in viewing the initial search results. These keywords represent the major elements for the topic question like: Nurses, Disaster nursing management, Education, Training, and Saudi Arabia, it will help in allocating some suitable resources and theories that are relevant and helpful in expanding our knowledge about the topic.

1.1 summary of PICO

PICO    Patient or Population    Intervention or Issue    Comparison
Or Context    Outcome

Item    Emergency department nurse managers    Education and training needs for disaster management    Saudi Arabia
(Context)
Educational needs

Synonyms    Nurs* leader, head nurse, charge nurse, ER director.    Workshop, ER drills, Orientation requirements.    KSA
Middle East
Knowledge requirements

The technique of research was identifying keywords like: nurse, disaster nursing management, education, training, Saudi Arabia and using them as a tool to find some significantly suitable resources and theories. It further helped in critically reviewing the research topic and in addressing a possible and a relevant approach to the research topic. The idea behind using this strategy was to articulate the answer to the question asked and to research and to deeply study about how PATIENT, INTERVENTION, CONEXT AND OUTCOME were related to the topic.

For analytically assessing the studies related to education and training needs for disaster nursing management, I used the Monash library database and further found many relevant database like: CINALHL, Scopus, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Ovid MEDLINE, which further helped me in understanding the topic and finding the appropriate articles and theories. In order to access relevant peer reviewed articles, it is better to search on the university library database itself because it is free and easily available.

By using the database mentioned above, I should use the search skills that learnt in the class such as limits, filters, and how to use or combined: Boolean, truncation, wildcard operators. For example, searching for Saudi Arabia’s methodologies for disaster nursing management, I was unable to find any relevant articles, thus, I had to remove the key word ‘Saudi Arabia’ from my list in order to expand my scope of search concerning the research’s requisite.

Furthermore, knowing about some criteria definitely would be very important step for the literature searching. One of these criteria is called Inclusion, which is helpful to find updated information by limiting the search of articles that have been publishing since last 5 years. The second criteria, is called Exclusion, which is the step needed to exclude the articles that are irrelevant to the topic beside other benefits to the both criteria.

Finally, it is critical step to evaluate and analyze the sources and even the information that have been found. For example, evaluating carefully the collected articles by checking the journals of the articles if they are peer reviewed. Besides, reading the articles starting with the abstract and ending with reading the conclusion. In addition, it is crucial to use programs such as EndNote or others to help the researcher in saving the resources, use it for references, and record page numbers where researcher found quotes. In conclusion, I should use a wide range of resources to cover the scope of the topic, which included a range of literature, such as books, journal articles, theses, conference paper and reports.

Hammad, K., Arbon, P., & Gebbie, K. M. (2011). Emergency nurses and disaster response: An exploration of South Australian emergency nurses’ knowledge and perceptions of their roles in disaster response. Australasian Emergency Nursing Journal, 14(2), 87-94. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aenj.2010.10.002
Veenema, T. (2012). Disaster Nursing and Emergency Preparedness: For Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Terrorism and Other Hazards, for Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Terrorism and Other Hazards: Springer Publishing Company.
Yamashita, M., & Kudo, C. (2014). How differently we should prepare for the next disaster? Nursing & health sciences, 16(1), 56-59.

Students will formulate a research question, devise a plan to answer it, and develop a proposal for the research. A research proposal is a complete outline of what it is the researcher wishes to do. Your proposal should include the following:

• Proposal title: Make this short, descriptive and no more than 10-12 words; the title should explain succinctly what the project is about.

• Abstract: This must be no longer than 250 words; word count will be strictly enforced. It should include a statement of the problem, the aims and methods, and the significance of your proposed study.

• Introduction/background and critical literature review: Briefly describe the background to your study (i.e. how the idea arose) with appropriate references. Provide a critical review of the relevant literature of no more than 1,500 words; include a description of your search strategy.

• Research aim, objectives or hypothesis: clearly identify the research problem to be investigated and state the research question or hypothesis as appropriate. Explain the significance of your study.

• Research design: Discuss the methodology or design you plan to use for the study, with justification. Detail the planned research processes, including the conceptual framework for the study (if appropriate), the sample (including size and inclusion/exclusion criteria); setting; procedures for recruitment; data that will be collected and procedures for collecting those data. Include any instruments you plan to use to collect data (where applicable), or a list of the proposed interview questions (if interviews are to be conducted). All sections must be referenced using sources specific to the methodology/design. Provide a project timetable (timeline or Gantt chart). Identify the limitations of the study.

• Analysis: Describe, using methodology-specific references, how you intend to analyse the data collected and how you will demonstrate validity, reliability and/or trustworthiness (as appropriate). Additionally, if you propose to use software, please clearly identify which software will be used and why.

• Ethics: Discuss the ethical issues relevant to your proposed study and the procedures you will follow to ensure the research is conducted ethically.

• Dissemination of findings: Outline how you propose to share your findings with others.

• Project funding: Provide a budget for your proposed study and justify the costs to be incurred. Suggest, with justification, at least one body or organisation to which the project could be submitted for funding.

Provide a reference list using APA 6th edition format, for all literature cited in the assignment.