Posted: February 6th, 2015

In the 21st century, the practice of “public relations” is nothing more than a modern euphemism for propaganda. Discuss.

In the 21st century, the practice of “public relations” is nothing more than a modern euphemism for propaganda. Discuss.

This essay aims to elaborate on the question if PR can be understood as a modern euphemism for propaganda. You make a good

effort to define PR and explore this from many different angles but the essay fails to engage with academic material on a

deep enough level. Moreover, it fails to address and answer the essay question and therefore does not identify and discuss

relevant issues. The reader does not get a good sense of what propaganda is and why it is often confused with PR The term

propaganda is not developed or problematised in this essay Neither are the academic or practical issues at stake here. The

essay also contains a lot of tangential material (see my in-text comments and it is not clear what you mean with

organisational propaganda strategy. overall this essay fails to meet postgraduate standard the essay question is not

addressed and elaborated.”

PR History

Botan, C. H., & Taylor, M. (2004). Public Relations: State of the field. Journal of Communication 54(4), 645–661.

Cutlip, S. (1994) The Unseen Power:  Public Relations, A History.  :   Erlbaum

Cutlip, S. (1995) Public Relations History from the 17th to the 20th Century.

Edwards, L.. (2006) Public Relations Origins: Definitions and History. In Tench, R. and Yeomans, L. (2006) Exploring Public

Relations. : FT Prentice Hall pp. 2-15

Ihlen, Ø., & van Ruler, B. (2007). How public relations works: Theoretical roots and public relations perspectives. Public

Relations Review 33, 243–248.

Lamme, M. O., & Russell, K. M. (2010). Removing the spin: Toward a new theory of public relations history. Journalism

Communication Monographs. 11 (4), 280-362.

Laskin,A.V (2009). The evolution of models of public relations: an outsider’s perspective, Journal of Communication

Management, 2009, 13, 1, 37

Lawniczak, R., 2009. Re-examining the economic roots of public relations. Public Relations Review, 35(4), pp.346-352.

L’Etang, J. (1999). Public relations education in Britain: An historical review in the context of professionalization.

Public Relations Review 25(3), 261–289

PR, Propaganda and Persuasion

Fawkes, J. (2006) Public Relations, Propaganda and the Psychology of Persuasion.   In Tench, R and Yeomans, L (2006)

Exploring Public Relations.  :  FT Prentice Hall pp. 266-287

Gelders, D. & Ihlen, Ø., 2010. Government communication about potential policies: Public relations, propaganda or both?

Public Relations Review, 36(1), pp.59-62. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0363811109001416.

Larsson, L.. (2006) Public Relations and Democracy: A Swedish Perspective. In L’Etang, J. and Pieczka, M. (2006) Public

Relations: Critical Debates and Contemporary Practice. : Erlbaum pp 123-142

Messina, A., 2007. Public relations, the public interest and persuasion: an ethical approach. Journal of Communication

Management, 11(1), pp.29-52.

Ewen, S.R. PR:  A Social History of Spin.  :  Basic Books

Moloney, K. (2006)  Rethinking Public Relations:  Second Edition: Routledge pp. 41-72
Porter,l. (2010) Communicating for the good of the state: A post-symmetrical polemic on persuasion in ethical public

relations, Public Relations Review, 2010, 36, 2, 127

Weaver, K., Motion, J. and Roper, J. (2006) From Propaganda to Discourse (and Back Again):  Truth, Power, the Public

Interest and Public Relations.  In L’Etang, J. and Pieczka, M. (2006) Public Relations:  Critical Debates and Contemporary

Practice.  :  Erlbaum pp 7-22

Wring, D. (2006) ‘The News Media and the Public Relations State’ in Dunleavy, P., Heffernan, R., Cowley, P. and Hay, C.

(eds.) Developments in British Politics 8, Palgrave: Basingstoke: pp. 231-50

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