Posted: June 13th, 2015

INCLUSION OF STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES IN MAINSTREAM SCHOOLS

 

Abstract

1.0 Introduction

In developed countries, most people expect to be treated equally, including people with disabilities. However, most people with disabilities rely on other people for their rights, such as the right to education and health care facilities. In advocating the need for equal treatment, this paper will study how people with disabilities should be included in the normal education system. The thesis of the study, which is the inclusion of learners with disabilities in mainstream education, will be researched to discover teachers’ experiences when they try to include these students in their classes (Pather, 2011). The background of the study will discuss the benefits of inclusion and some of the challenges teachers encounter in implementing the inclusion policy. The research will then provide the methodologies that will be used in the study.

 

2.0 Research

 

3.0 Research questions

According to Rogers, 2003, a researcher should first make an outline that would help in defining the focus of the research before coming up with any research methodology. Doing this implies the development and identification of the research questions. This research will consider the current methodologies and literature used in preparing and settling on the research questions for the study. The following will be some of the questions that will be used during the study.

  1. Dothephysicaleducationtutorshavequalificationsandsufficienttraining to help in theinclusion of learners with challenges in the mainstream classes of physicaleducations in highschools?
  2. What are some of theexperiencesthatphysicaleducationteachershavehad in dealing with learners with disabilities? Havetheseexperiencesmadeteachersdevelopattitudes in dealing with thesechildren?

The following are the questions that will be investigated in the research. These questions will be supplementary to the research study.

  1. What are thehardshipsandbarriersdostudents with disabilitiesandthephysicaleducationteachersencounter during thelearning?
  2. What are therealities that theteachersexperience in havingassistants to help with theneeds during thephysicaleducation tutorials?
  3. What are theexperiences that students with disabilities in thephysicaleducationclasses in mainstream secondaryschools?

 

4.0 Background of the study

 

5.0 Significance of the study

 

6.0 Research methodology

References

Anderson, C.J.K., Klassen, R.M., Georgiou, G.K. (2007). Inclusion in Australia. What Teachers Say They Need and What School Psychologists Can Offer. School Psychology International. SAGE Publications, Vol. 28(2): 131-147.

 

 

Bailey, J. (2004). The validation of scale to measure school principals’ attitudes toward the inclusion of students with disabilities in regular schools. Australian Psychologist, 39, 76-87.

 

 

Cavet, J. (September 01, 2000). “It’s a Delicate Thing”: Coping with a Hidden Disability in Mainstream Schools. British Journal of Special Education, 27, 3, 154-59.

 

 

Clough, P., & Corbett, J. (2000). Theories of inclusive education: a students’ guide. London: Paul Chapman Publishing Ltd.

 

 

Cooper, P., & Tiknaz, Y. (2007). Nurture groups in school and at home: Connecting with children with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

 

 

Dyson, D., & Gallannaugh. F. (2008). Disproportionality in special needs education in England. Journal of Special Education 42, 36-46.

 

 

Farrell, P. & Balshaw, M. (2002). Can teaching assistants make special education inclusive? In P. Farrell, & M. Ainscow (Eds) Making special education inclusive. London: David Fulton.

 

 

Farrell, P. (2004). Making Inclusion a Reality for All. School Psychology International. SAGE Publications, Vol. 25(1): 5-19.

 

 

Forlin, C., & Lian, M. G. J. (Eds.). (2008). Reform, inclusion and teacher education: Towards a new era of special education in the Asia-Pacific Region. London and New York: Routledge.

 

 

Fuchs, D., Fuchs, L. S., Thompson, A., Al, O. S., Yen, L., Yang, N. J., Braun, M., … O’Connor, R. E. (June 06, 2002). Exploring the Importance of Reading Programs for Kindergartners with Disabilities in Mainstream Classrooms. Exceptional Children, 68, 3, 295-311.

 

 

Gil, M., & da, C. J. (January 01, 2010). Students with Disabilities in Mainstream Schools: District Level Perspectives on Anti-Bullying Policy and Practice within Schools in Alberta. International Journal of Special Education, 25, 2, 148-161.

 

 

Gyimah, E. K., Sugden, D., & Pearson, S. (December 01, 2009). Inclusion of Children with Special Educational Needs in Mainstream Schools in Ghana: Influence of Teachers’ and Children’s Characteristics. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 13, 8, 787-804.

 

 

Hewitt, S. (2005). Specialist support approaches to autism spectrum disorder students in mainstream settings. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

 

 

Humphrey, N., & Symes, W. (January 01, 2011). Peer interaction patterns among adolescents with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) in mainstream school settings. Autism, 15, 4, 397-419.

 

 

Karkou, V. (2010). Arts therapies in schools: Research and practice. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

 

 

Kenny, M., & Shevlin, M. (January 01, 2001). Normality and Power: Desire and Reality for Students with Disabilities in Mainstream Schools. Irish Journal of Sociology, 10, 2, 105-119.

 

 

Lambe, J. (2007). Student teachers special educational needs and inclusion education: Reviewing the potential for problem-based e-learning pedagogy to student practice. Journal of Education for Teaching, 33, 359-377.

 

 

Lidstrom, H. (December 09, 2013). Computer-based assistive technology device for use by students with disabilities in mainstream school. Assistive Technology Research Series, 33, 565-570.

 

 

Loreman, T., Earle, C., Sharma, U. & Forlin, C. (2007). The development of an instrument for measuring pre-service teachers’ sentiments, Attitudes and concerns about inclusive education. International Journal of Special Education, 27, 150-159.

 

 

Mahat, M. (2008). The development of a psychometrically-sound instrument to measure teachers’ multidimensional attitudes toward inclusive education. International Journal of Special Education, 23, 82-92.

 

 

Marshall, Julie, Stojanovik, Vesna, & Ralph, Sue. (2002). ‘I never even gave it a second thought ‘: PGCE students’ attitudes towards the inclusion of children with speech and language impairments. (International journal of language and communication disorders, 2002, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 475-489.) Informa Healthcare.

 

 

McLaughlin, M. J. & Jordan, A. (2005). Inclusive education in the United States and Canada. In D. Mitchell (Ed.), Contextualizing inclusive education: Evaluating old and new international perspectives (pp. 89-113). Oxfordshire: Routledge.

 

 

Mittler, P. (2000). Working towards inclusive education: Social contexts. London: David Fulton Publishers.

 

 

Moran, A. & Abbott, L. (2002). Developing inclusive schools: The pivotal role of teaching assistants in promoting inclusion in special and mainstream schools in Northern Ireland. European Journal of Special Needs Education, Vol. 27, No. 2 (2002), pp. 161-173.

 

 

Mukherjee, S., Lightfoot, J., & Sloper, P. (June 06, 2000). The Inclusion of Pupils with a Chronic Health Condition in Mainstream School: What Does It Mean for Teachers?. Educational Research, 42, 1, 59-72.

 

 

Pather, S. (January 01, 2011). Evidence on Inclusion and Support for Learners with Disabilities in Mainstream Schools in South Africa: Off the Policy Radar?. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 15, 10, 1103-1117.

 

 

Rogers, B. (2003). Behaviour recovery: Practical programs for challenging behaviour and children with emotional behaviour disorders in mainstream schools. Melbourne, Victoria: ACER Press.

NOTE:

6.1 Type of Research

 

6.2 Sample or Source of Data

 

6.3 Data Collection Methods

 

6.4 Data Analysis Techniques

 

6.5 Reliability And Validity (Truthfulness) Mechanisms

 

 

NOTE:

The word count in Research methodology between 900 to 1100 word.

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