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Posted: September 16th, 2017

Long Quiz

Part 1
Question 1 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
Examine the electromagnetic spectrum below.

Diagram of the electromagnetic spectrum. At the far left, the waves are very far apart, and at the far right, the waves are very close together. x-rays are farther to the right of the diagram than microwaves are.

What can you conclude about x-rays compared to microwaves?

X-rays have the same frequency as microwaves.
X-rays have a lower frequency than microwaves.
X-rays have a longer wavelength than microwaves.
X-rays have a shorter wavelength than microwaves.

Question 2 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
In the diagram below, what is the property of the wave indicated by the letter A?

Diagram of wave. The distance between the highest points of consecutive waves is labeled A.

Amplitude
Frequency
Trough
Wavelength

Question 3 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
Which type of electromagnetic radiation is the primary cause of sunburns?
Radio waves
Ultraviolet rays
Visible waves
Rays

Question 4 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
Which of the following describes the relationship between frequency and wavelength?
As frequency increases, wavelength increases.
As frequency decreases, wavelength decreases.
As frequency increases, wavelength decreases.
As frequency increases, wavelength is unaffected.

Question 5 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
Which of the following types of waves has more energy than an x-ray?
Gamma rays
Microwaves
Radio waves
Visible light

Question 6 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
Which of the following represents the equilibrium of a wave?

Diagram of a wave. The point between the highest and lowest points is labeled A; the height is labeled B; the highest point is labeled C; the distance between the highest points of consecutive waves is labeled D.

A
B
C
D

Question 7 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
Which of the following is a type of wave that travels at a right angle relative to the direction of motion?
Amplitude
Longitudinal
Propagated
Transverse

Question 8 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
If a star is located 100 light years from Earth, what can you conclude about the light from the star?
The light will take 100 years to reach Earth.
The light will take 100 seconds to reach Earth.
The light will take 300,000 years to reach Earth.
The light will travel a total of 300,000 kilometers to reach Earth.

Question 9 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
Which of the following types of electromagnetic radiation has the longest wavelength?
Radio waves
Ultraviolet waves
Visible light
X-rays

Question 10 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
Examine the diagram of the electromagnetic spectrum below.

Diagram of electromagnetic spectrum. Gamma waves have wavelengths of approximately 10 to the power of negative 12 meters. X-rays have wavelengths of approximately 10 to the power of negative 10 meters. Microwaves have wavelengths of approximately 10 to the power of negative 2 meters. Radio rays have wavelengths of approximately 10 to the power of 3 meters.

If a wave has a wavelength of 1 kilometer, it must be a(n)

gamma ray
Microwave
radio wave
ray

Question 11 (Essay Worth 5 points)
In your own words, explain why longitudinal waves cannot travel in space.

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Question 12 (Essay Worth 5 points)
Suppose you are an astronomer, and a child asks you to explain the light given off by stars. In your own words, describe the relationship between the energy, frequency, and wavelength. Be sure to include information about the electromagnetic spectrum in your discussion.

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Part 2
Question 1 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
Given the following blackbody curve graph, what color will Star A be?

Blackbody radiation graph for Star A, which has a surface temperature of 5,700 degrees Celsius. At the point where the curve peaks, the wavelength is approximately 550 nanometers, in the middle of the visible light spectrum.

Blue
Red
White
Yellow

Question 2 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
Which of the following processes begins when a star enters the main sequence?
Nuclear fission
Nuclear fusion
Condensation of a nebula
Appearance of a supernova

Question 3 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
Use the HR diagram below to answer the question.
Labeled HR diagram. The main sequence slopes from the upper-left of the diagram, which is blue, to the bottom-left of the diagram, which is red-orange. White dwarfs cluster at the bottom of the diagram, in the light blue section. Red giants cluster in the middle of the diagram, in the orange-red section. Red supergiants cluster at the top of the diagram, in the orange-red section. CLICK HERE FOR MORE INFORMATION ON THIS PAPER…

Which of the following types of stars had a greater initial mass?
Blue main sequence
Orange main sequence
Supernova
White dwarf

Question 4 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
Which of the following is a massive star that has reached the end of its stellar evolution?
Neutron star
Red giant
Stellar nebula
White dwarf

Question 5 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
Which of the following is the most likely end for a star that formed from a very small nebular cloud?
Black hole
Planetary nebula
Red supergiant
Supernova

Question 6 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
Which of the following characteristics of stars is affected by a star’s temperature?
Brightness
Color
Distance from Earth
Size

Question 7 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
Which of the following classifications of star temperature is coolest?
O
M
G
A

Question 8 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
Which of the following is an advantage of using parallax rather than the Doppler effect to determine star distance?
Parallax is easier to use than Doppler shift.
Parallax is more accurate for stars that are very far away.
The Doppler effect can be used only for sounds in space.
Doppler shift indicates only a change in location, not actual distance.

Question 9 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
Use the HR diagram below to answer the question.
Labeled HR diagram. The main sequence slopes from the upper-left of the diagram, which is blue, to the bottom-left of the diagram, which is red-orange. White dwarfs cluster at the bottom of the diagram, in the light blue section. Red supergiants cluster at the top of the diagram, in the orange-red section.

Which of the following star types is the brightest?

Red main sequence
Red supergiant
White dwarf
Yellow main sequence

Question 10 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
An astronomer sees two stars in the sky. Both stars are equally far from Earth, but the first star is brighter than the second star. Which of the following is a valid conclusion about the first star?
It is larger than the second star.
It is smaller than the second star.
It is older than the second star.
It is younger than the second star.

Question 11 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
A star is observed moving away from Earth. What can you conclude about the spectrum of that star?
The spectrum will shift to the blue.
The spectrum will shift to the red.
The spectrum will not change.
The spectrum will shift first to the blue, and then to the red.

Question 12 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
Given the following images, choose the one that most likely represents a B-class star.

Star A is a yellow star. Star B is a blue star. Star C is a red star. Star D is a green star.

A
B
C
D

Question 13 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
Which of the following types of stars started out on the main sequence with the largest initial mass?

In Graph A, the curve peaks at 800 nm, in the red section of the visible light spectrum. In Graph B, the curve peaks at 550 nm, in the green section of the visible light spectrum. In Graph C, the curve peaks at 450 nm, in the blue section of the visible light spectrum. In Graph D, the curve peaks at 300 nm, in the violet section of the visible light spectrum.

A
B
C
D

Question 14 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
Which of the following is used to calculate the distance to a star based on subtle shifts in the star’s position relative to an observer on Earth?
Absolute magnitude
Doppler shift
Emissions
Parallax

Question 15 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
Which of the following types of stars is the coolest?

In Graph A, the curve peaks at 800 nm, in the red section of the visible light spectrum. In Graph B, the curve peaks at 550 nm, in the green section of the visible light spectrum. In Graph C, the curve peaks at 450 nm, in the blue section of the visible light spectrum. In Graph D, the curve peaks at 300 nm, in the violet section of the visible light spectrum.

A
B
C
D

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