Posted: September 16th, 2017

Meal Planning for Special Dietary Requirements

Meal Planning for Special Dietary Requirements
Background
One of the key roles of nutritionists and dieticians is to design meal plans for people with special dietary requirements. This requires a detailed understanding of

the patient’s situation, their energy and nutrient requirements, and the various foods that must in some cases be avoided. In some cases it can be extremely

challenging to create meals that are nutritionally adequate and palatable whilst keeping within the dietary constraints imposed by the patient’s condition.
The aim of this practical is to produce an ideal two-course meal for someone with specific dietary requirements. It should be as edible, attractive and palatable as

possible with known energy and nutrient composition.

• Patient F: A seven year-old, epileptic male on a ketogenic diet

Recipes
Almond Crackers
Ingredients:

30gm Almond Flour ( whole ground blanched almonds)
20gm Macadamia Nuts, dry roasted with salt – finely ground in a blender
15gm Olive Oil
15gm Egg white – raw
1/8th teasoon Salt (optional)

Dairy Free Vanilla Pudding
Makes about 2 cups
Nutrition for entire recipe is:
1078 Calories  4:1 Ratio
14.24gm Protein
107.92gm Fat
12.48gm Carbohydrate

Ingredients
400gm (about 1 can) coconut milk, full fat
60g (about 4 large ) egg yolks
2g (1/2 tsp) pure vanilla extract
1 tsp. Salt
Bolognaise
Ingredients:
15g lean raw mince
2g beef stock cube
6g capsicum, raw finely chopped
6g celery, raw finely chopped
6g onion, raw finely chopped
6g carrot, raw finely chopped
6g mushroom, raw finely chopped
2g parmesan cheese
20g cream (35% fat)
7g butter
18g oil
1g garlic
15g Carloni Passata
The bolognaise is based on a ratio 4:1 and contains 322 calories, 5.5g protein, 32.2g fat, 2.6g carbohydrate.

The patient types have been chosen because they require you to make considerable changes to the normal balance of food groups, as might be found in a typical Western

diet.
Once assigned a patient, your group can start researching their specific nutritional requirements (e.g. how much iron does this person need?) and dietary requirements

(i.e. what types of foods are restricted in this person’s diet?) You should also refer to UK dietary guidelines looking more generally at the balance of foods, such as

the ‘Eatwell Plate’, whilst also bearing in mind cultural food preferences where appropriate. These will help you to achieve an optimal balance between palatability,

dietary variety and nutritional adequacy.
Following the diet analysis workshop in week 2, you will use the Nutritics diet analysis software to calculate the energy and nutrient composition of the two-course

meal (including beverages) that you have designed. Your two-course meal should, when combined, meet current UK general and specific dietary guidelines, and should

supply:
• Exactly (± 5 kJ) ? × EAR for energy for your patient
• All other essential nutrients to at least ? × RNI
• In accordance with UK recommendations, the following nutrients should be limited:
– Total fat: = 33% total energy intake
– Saturated fat: = 10% total energy intake
– Sodium: = ? RNI

Remember: ? × DRV typically represents a small meal for one person. Would your patient be able to eat everything in one sitting? You must be able to eat the entire

meal as part of the second practical session!
Report (25%)
• You are writing a report to a provider of food services (e.g. hospital, prison, school, industrial employer, airline) that needs to prepare meals for someone with

your patient’s condition or food preference.
• In this report, you will be expected to:
? include a full description of the individual you created the meal around, explaining the nature of the individual’s condition or food preferences and details of the

meal created, including full scientific evidence for the choices made
? outline the challenges that providers of food services might face preparing meals that are nutritionally-adequate yet palatable.
• Your report should include the energy and nutrient profile of the meal (an appendix containing the Nutritics report is acceptable). Make sure that you have

calculated and checked the contribution of protein, fat and carbohydrate to total energy intake (TEI) and presented these as %TEI, as well as the gram values for each

macronutrient and micronutrient.
• The word limit for the report is 1,500 words max. (excluding the energy and nutrient profile of the meal and reference list).

Reflection of reference sources (15%)
• You are expected to keep a library research log of all sources used and accessed during the development of your report – this must be submitted as an appendix with

your report.
• This will form part of a reflective piece where you appraise a number of the references you have accessed and discuss their relative importance.
• The word limit for the reflection piece is 500 words max. (excluding the library research log).

The report and reflection of reference sources must be submitted online via Turnitin only (no hard copies). The deadline is Monday 16th March at 1.00 pm. Please

include a word count.
Your report should be guided by the following assessment criteria:
• Understanding of the patient condition

e.g. sufficient knowledge of the nature of the patient’s condition to enable appropriate dietary recommendations (25%)
• Understanding of DRVs and balance of food groups

e.g. correct DRVs to minimize the risk of energy/nutrient deficiency / incorporation of as many food groups as possible (15%)
• Energy and nutrient content of the meal

e.g. how well does the proposed meal comply with the energy and nutrient criteria proposed? (10%)
• Discussion/reflection on the difficulties of designing an appropriate meal for this patient

e.g. identification of key challenges in designing a suitable meal and viable solutions (30%)
• Referencing & research log

e.g. good-quality sources and references cited in the correct format (10%)
• Style & structure of report

e.g. clear, logical structure and covers the important areas of the topic (10%)

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