Posted: September 13th, 2017

Molecular Biology

Molecular Biology

Describe the molecular nature of DNA, genes, and the role genes play in the determination of the variety of individuals. Include in
your answer:
a. a summary of the “central dogma” and a description of the relationships between DNA, RNA and protein
b. a description of the experiments of Griffith and of Avery, McCarty and MacLeod that proved DNA was the genetic material
and the experiments of Beadle and Tatum that supported the one gene – one enzyme hypothesis
c. a description of the various kinds of mutations that increase variety of nucleotide and gene sequences and chromosome
structure
d. a description of how genes are “mapped” to specific locations on chromosomes

Question 2 Kelp Forest Ecology(25 points)
Describe the life history of Giant Brown Kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) and the community that it supports. Include in your answer:
a. a description of the alternation of generations of the Giant Brown Kelp and how each stage creates the next generation
b. a description of the kinds of life forms contained in the plankton community flowing through the kelp forest
c. a description of the trophic pyramid structure of Giant Brown Kelp forest with examples of organisms at each level supported
by kelp.

Question 3 Terrestrial Forest Ecology(25 points)
Describe the production and flow of nutrients through terrestrial forests. Include in your answer:
a. a description of food production and distribution of nutrients within a seasonal temperate forest such as the experimental
forest at Hubbard Brook in New Hampshire
b. a description of the plant “fiscal year” and the differences between an oak woodland of southern California and a seasonal
temperate forest of New Hampshire
c. a definition of adaptation and of niche, including a fundamental niche, a realized niche and Hutchinson’s hypervolume
d. examples of animals in the oak woodland and their adaptations that demonstrate how high numbers of species exist even
though all species are supported within the same community.

Question 4 Animal Life Histories (25 points)
Describe the life histories of animals with indirect and direct development. Include in your answer:
a. a comparison of the life histories of two freshwater invertebrates (mosquitos and toe biters) and two marine invertebrates
(polychaete worms and cephalopod molluscs).
b. define r-strategies and k-strategies of reproduction and the advantages of each under different conditions.
c. a description of the strategies for completion of complex life histories of trematode parasites living in animals of the estuary

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