Posted: February 1st, 2017

The movement of molecules from a region of low concentration across a membrane to a region of high concentration by use of ATP energy is

Which of the following includes all the others?

Question

1. Which of the following includes all the others?
2. A) atom
3. B) cell
4. C) organism
5. D) population
6. In science, a hypothesis must be
7. A) testable
8. B) derived from a theory
9. C) a known fact
10. D) able to be proven absolutely true
11. A chlorine atom has 17 protons, 18 neutrons, and 17 electrons. The atomic number of chlorine is
12. A) 8
13. B) 17
14. C) 35
15. D) 52
16. If you place the probe of a pH meter in lye or sodium hydroxide (NaOH), it will read pH 14. Sodium hydroxide is
17. A) an acid
18. B) neutral
19. C) a base
20. This polysaccharide forms fibers that are a major component of plant cell walls:
21. A) glucose
22. B) starch
23. C) cellulose
24. D) glycogen
25. Which of these types of molecules contain nitrogen?
26. A) polysaccharides
27. B) proteins
28. C) steroids
29. Fats contain more energy per gram than carbohydrates or proteins because
30. A) fat molecules contain a lower percentage of oxygen atoms
31. B) fat molecules contain a lower percentage of hydrogen atoms
32. C) fat molecules contain a lower percentage of carbon atoms
33. D) fat molecules contain a higher percentage of adipose atoms
34. Prokaryotic cells, with no nucleus or membranous organelles, are found in
35. A) animals
36. B) bacteria
37. C) fungi
38. D) plants
39. The main function of a ribosome is to
40. A) extract energy from glucose
41. B) synthesize glucose
42. C) store food in the form of fat
43. D) synthesize proteins
44. Mitochondria
45. A) package proteins for secretion from cell
46. B) contain chromosomes
47. C) are sites of oxidation of glucose to generate ATP
48. D) synthesize proteins
49. The plasma membrane consists of
50. A) a single layer of phospholipid molecules
51. B) a double layer of phospholipid molecules in which proteins are embedded
52. C) several layers of protein and carbohydrate molecules
53. D) a triple layer of phospholipids and carbohydrates
54. The movement of molecules from a region of low concentration across a membrane to a region of high concentration by use of ATP energy is
55. A) active transport
56. B) diffusion
57. C) passive transport
58. D) osmosis
59. The oxygen in our atmosphere is produced by
60. A) greenhouse effect
61. B) cellular respiration
62. C) photosynthesis
63. D) volcanic eruptions
64. Yeast cells break down glucose anaerobically into
65. A) ethanol and CO₂
66. B) lactic acid and CO₂
67. C) lactic acid and H₂O
68. D) ethanol and H₂O
69. Carbon dioxide is released in
70. A) the light-dependent phase of photosynthesis
71. B) the Krebs cycle
72. C) glycolysis
73. D) the Calvin cycle
74. If the concentration of glucose in the water outside of a cell is lower than the concentration inside
75. A) water will tend to enter the cell by osmosis
76. B) water will tend to leave the cell by osmosis
77. C) glucose will tend to enter the cell by osmosis
78. D) glucose will tend to leave the cell by osmosis
79. What happens if a red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution?
80. A) the cell will shrink
81. B) the cell will swell and may burst
82. C) the cell will remain the same size
83. Which of the following is not a characteristic of enzymes?
84. A) they are proteins
85. B) they speed up the rate of chemical reactions
86. C) they act on specific substances called substrates
87. D) they are used up in each reaction, thus need to be produced in large quantities
88. Which of these does not have to be present for photosynthesis to occur?
89. A) water
90. B) carbon dioxide
91. C) glucose
92. D) chlorophyll
93. Each new cell produced by this process will have an identical copy of all chromosomes and genes possessed by the parent cell:
94. A) mitosis
95. B) meiosis
96. During the first division of meiosis,
97. A) chromosomes separate at the centromere
98. B) homologous chromosomes separate
99. C) chromosomes become triploid
100. If a normal parent and an albino parent have albino child, the genotypes of the parents are
101. A) AA x Aa
102. B) Aa x Aa
103. C) Aa x aa
104. D) aa x aa
105. The number of chromosomes in a human egg cell is
106. A) 4
107. B) 23
108. C) 46
109. D) 48
110. A change in DNA base sequence from CATAC to CACAC would describe
111. A) translation
112. B) replication
113. C) transcription
114. D) mutation
115. Which of these processes does notoccur in the nucleus?
116. A) DNA replication
117. B) transcription
118. C) translation
119. tRNA molecules contain anticodons and carry amino acids to be used in this process:
120. A) mutation
121. B) DNA replication
122. C) transcription
123. D) translation
124. Exchange of genes between maternal and paternal chromosomes before the first division of meiosis is caused by
125. A) X-linkage
126. B) crossing over
127. C) replication
128. D) cytokinesis
129. Which is not a subunit of DNA?
130. A) adenine
131. B) guanine
132. C) uracil
133. D) phosphate
134. A karyotype of an individual with Down syndrome has how many chromosomes?
135. A) 3
136. B) 23
137. C) 46
138. D) 47
139. If a heterozygous male mates with an albino female, what percentage of albino children would be expected?
140. A) 0%
141. B) 25%
142. C) 50%
143. D) 75%
144. E) 100%
145. A father with genotype IAIB and mother with phenotype O could produce children with these blood types:
146. A) AB only
147. B) A and B only
148. C) A, B, and AB only
149. D) A, B, AB, and O
150. During DNA replication, an old DNA strand with base sequence ATCTGAGTA would serve as a template to form a new complementary strand with the base sequence:
151. A) TAGACTCAT
152. B) ATCTGAGTA
153. C) AUCUCUGUA
154. In peas, tall (T) is dominant to dwarf (t) and, on a separate chromosome set, purple flower (P) is dominant to white flower (p). If Gregor Mendel crosses the genotypes TtPp and ttPp, what is the expected ratio of phenotypes in the offspring?
155. A) 9/16 tall purple flowered, 3/16 tall white, 3/16 dwarf purple, 1/16 dwarf white
156. B) 3/8 tall purple flowered, 1/8 tall white, 3/8 dwarf purple, 1/8 dwarf white
157. C) 1/4 tall purple flowered, 1/4 tall white, 1/4 dwarf purple, 1/4 dwarf white
158. D) 3/4 tall purple flowered, 1/4 dwarf white
159. Queen Victoria’s son Leopold had hemophilia, which is caused by a sex-linked recessive gene (Xh). Leopold lived to be 31 years old and fathered a normal daughter. What is the genotype of his daughter?
160. A) X^HX^H
161. B) X^HX^h
162. C) X^hX^h
163. D) X^HY
164. Microevolution by genetic drift is more likely in
165. A) large populations
166. B) small populations
167. New alleles appear in a species by
168. A) genetic drift
169. B) mutation
170. C) gene flow
171. D) natural selection
172. The insect wing, bat wing, and bird wing are
173. A) analogous structures
174. B) homologous structures
175. Speciation is most likely when a huge continental population of a snail species
176. A) undergoes genetic drift
177. B) is forced north by global warming
178. C) is divided in two over the eons by the rise of a mountain range
179. Groups of organisms that interbreed in nature and are reproductively isolated from other such groups defines
180. A) communities
181. B) hybrids
182. C) families
183. D) species
184. Certain species of ants protect, and receive food from, certain species of acacia trees in the tropics. This exemplifies
185. A) predation
186. B) mutualism
187. C) competition
188. The most important cause of species extinction due to humans in recent centuries is
189. A) disease
190. B) global warming
191. C) genetic engineering
192. D) habitat loss
193. If the decomposers were removed from an ecosystem, the other organisms would eventually die because
194. A) green plants would run out of necessary minerals in the soil
195. B) green plants would lose their energy source
196. C) herbivores must eat decomposers
197. D) decomposers release oxygen needed by the other organisms
198. The source of energy for an ecosystem is
199. A) nutrients in the soil
200. B) water
201. C) sunlight
202. D) recycled energy from decomposers
203. Fungi are primarily
204. A) producers
205. B) herbivores
206. C) carnivores
207. D) decomposers
208. If deer are placed on an island with a constant, renewable food supply and a stable biological

community with predators, the growth curve after several decades would be described as a

1. A) J-curve [exponential]
2. B) S-curve [logistic]
3. Professor Hotsun is studying a desert ecosystem containing fig trees, fig-eating rats, rateating snakes, and snake-eating lizards. If the fig trees produce one million kcal of energy, about how much energy would be contained in the population ofrat-eating snakes?
4. A) 100,000 kcal
5. B) 50,000 kcal
6. C) 10,000 kcal
7. D) 1000 kcal
8. Colorblindness (X^b) is X-linked and recessive. Blondie is normal, and not a carrier, but her husband Dagwood is colorblind. If their daughter Cookie marries a colorblind man, what phenotypes can Cookie expect in her sons?
9. A) all normal
10. B) all colorblind
11. C) 1/2 colorblind, 1/2 normal
12. John has type A blood. John’s father has type O blood. Mary has type B blood. Mary’s mother is type A. The possible blood types of John and Mary’s daughters are
13. A) AB only
14. B) A or AB only
15. C) B or AB only
16. D) A, B, AB or O

Here is a list of mRNA codons and their amino acids. Use this information to answer #49 and #50:

AAU – asparagine AUC – isoleucine CAA – glutamine CAU – histidine

CGU – arginine CUU – leucine GAA – glutamate GAU – aspartate

GCA – alanine GGC – glycine UGU – cysteine

49. The sequence of amino acids of Arginine-Alanine-Leucine would be coded by this sequence of bases on mRNA :
50. A) CGUGCACUU
51. B) GUGCACAA
52. C) GCACGTGAA
53. D) GAAGCAGGC
54. A sequence of bases on a DNA strand of GAATTACGT would code for this amino acid sequence:
55. A) Leucine-Asparagine-Alanine
56. B) Aspartate-Glutamate-Alanine
57. C) Glutamine-Cysteine- Histidine
58. D) Leucine-Glutamate-Histidine