Posted: November 24th, 2014

physics;L ighting the way to the future

physics;L ighting the way to the future

Project description
1.Read Technical Note 11.1, Lighting the Way to the Future, attached above. Answer the questions a to d.

2.What is your assessment of Chinas approach to building efficiency, described in this weeks material? Is it a model that is workable for the U.S.? Is such an approach desirable for the U.S., in your opinion? .

3. The setting of CAF standards sets goals for auto manufacturers. Has this been a successful program, in your view? Explain your answer. Compare this approach to reducing fuel consumption to one in which a tax is added to gasoline purchased at the pump.

11.1 Technical Note: L ighting the way to the future
The Building Technology Program of the Energy Efficiciency and Renewable Energy Agency (EERE) has made lighting  one of the R& D programs it sponsors http://apps1.eereeneray.gov/buildingsipublications/pdfs/corporatellmc voltpdf  The question addressed in this note is: “How much difference can lighting make to the reduction of energy consumption?”
Let’s begin by first considering the question: What is the amount of energy, expressed in barrels of oil equivalent (boe), consumed in providing lighting in the U.S.?
1. According to the information on the EERE posting, 22% of the U.S annual electrical energy consumption isfor lighting. The amount of energy is 8.2 Quads, (1.0 Quad = 1015 BTU). This is in agreement with the information given in the I nter national Energy Agency (I EA).
2. Assume that the electrical energy is provided by a power plant operating at an efficiency of 30% . The amount of energy that must be provided by a primary source is then equal to E = 8.2Quads’0.30 = 27.3 Quads That is, 27.3 Quads of energy is required asfeedstock in a power plant to provide the energy for lighting.
3. Expressthe 27.3 Quads in units of million barrels of oil equivalent (M boe). A units conversion is 1.0 Quad => 181 M boe.
Using the above information, answer the following questions
a. What isthe energy for lighting, expressed in units of M boe?
b. If the energy was actually being supplied by oil—it is not, of course– what would its cost beat the current price level of a barrel of oil?
c. What isthe annual cost of the energy for lighting to the rate payers of the electrical energy? (Assume a rate of $0.12/kW h.) Note: 1.0 Quad = 2.93 x 1011 kWh.
d. I s a saving of 50% of the lighting energy a reasonably achievable goal? Is it worth the trouble?

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