Posted: April 23rd, 2015

The effect of diet on inmates moods

INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD
FOR PROTECTION OF HUMAN SUBJECTS

INFORMATION AND GUIDELINES FOR PROPOSAL APPROVAL OR EXEMPTION

The investigator may not make the determination of the appropriate level of review (exempt, expedited, or full board review). Investigators should submit a research proposal to the Office of Research and Economic Development, Room 308 Old Main, or by email to [email protected], for any type of research/project that involves human subjects. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) will make the determination of the appropriate level of review.

Research which involves the participation of human subjects requires approval or exemption from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) prior to the initiation of the project. The Code of Federal Regulations defines research as “a systematic investigation, including research development, testing and evaluation, designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge.” The regulations define human subject as “a living individual about whom an investigator (whether professional or student) conducting research obtains (1) data through intervention or interaction with the individual, or (2) identifiable private information.” These regulations extend to the use of human organs, tissues, and body fluids from individually identifiable human subjects as well as to graphic, written, or recorded information derived from individually identifiable human subjects.

New policy regarding training: All persons affiliated with the university who conduct human subject projects/research requiring IRB review/approval are required to complete the human subjects research training module at https://www.citiprogram.org/. It is recommended that the CITI human subject training is completed prior to submission of the IRB application and supporting materials. Certificate of completion should accompany the proposal. IRB approval will not be granted without documentation of the required training.

Proposals for research projects which will involve human subjects should be submitted to the IRB in care of (email submission is strongly encouraged):

Institutional Review Board Phone: 307-766-5320
Room 308, Old Main Fax: 307-766-2608
1000 East University Avenue, Department 3355 email: [email protected]
Laramie, WY 82071

Proposals may be submitted for review at any time. Processing of complete applications for exempt or expedited review is estimated to take ten working days, but may be longer due to application volume. Processing time may increase if the application is incomplete, or the pre-reviewer or staff must seek additional information to complete the determination. Proposals which require review by the full board must be submitted to the Office of Research and Economic Development by the proposal due date (three weeks prior to the scheduled meeting). Board meeting schedules are posted on the IRB web site at http://www.uwyo.edu/Research/Research/human-subjects/IRBmeeting-dates.html. Even if proposals are received by the proposal due date, they may be deferred to the next scheduled meeting due to application volume. All attempts are made to limit application deferrals. Proposals received after the due date will be deferred to the next scheduled meeting. It is recommended that three months be allowed and planned for completion, review, and approval of projects involving human subjects.

Proposals may be submitted in any format: in hard copy typed on letter size white paper, or electronic format e-mailed to [email protected]. Electronic submission via email is encouraged. Electronic submission of proposals as a single Word or PDF file via email is preferred. Supplementary application materials should be contained within the single document as individual appendices (clearly labeled). Following these recommendations will facilitate efficient electronic review and will limit the number of applications deferred to later meetings.

PROPOSALS MUST BE WRITTEN IN TERMS WHICH CAN BE CLEARLY UNDERSTOOD BY REVIEWERS. The IRB is comprised of community professionals and university scientists. Reviewers, however, may not be specialists, or even familiar, with the area of study described in the proposal. Proposals must include the following information:

1) Name, title, department, address, phone number, fax number and e-mail address of principal investigator, co-investigators, and faculty supervisor (for students).

2) Title of research project.

3) Anticipated project duration.

4) Purpose of research project, including the significance of the study and a two-paragraph literature review

5) Description of human subject participation:
• age-range and gender of preferred subjects
• how subjects will be selected and solicited for participation (how subjects will be recruited)
• the number of subjects expected to be involved
• incentive, if any, for subject participation
• description of special classes of subjects, such as human fetus, in utero and ex utero, fetal material and placenta; pregnant women; children and minors; cognitively impaired persons; prisoners or incarcerated juveniles; traumatized or terminally ill patients; elderly/aged persons; minorities; students or employees; and international subjects
• criteria for potential subjects to be included or excluded from the subject pool

6) Procedure: detailed explanation of the research procedures including:
• description of subjects’ participation and what subjects will be expected to do and how long it will take
• if applicable, description of what non-participants will do while other subjects participate in the research procedures (for example, in a classroom where some children may not have parental consent to participate or choose not to participate)
• details of what subjects will be told about the research project
• description of deception, if any, and procedures to debrief subjects
• reasonable estimate of time involved including frequency and duration
• where research will take place
• method of data collection (survey, instruments, interview questions, etc.)
• when and how subjects may terminate participation, and/or under what circumstances procedures may be stopped
• description of biological samples to be taken, if any, procedures to obtain samples, and qualification of person(s) obtaining samples
• description of equipment, if any, to be used on or by subjects
• for research projects where data is collected in a classroom setting, be specific about what data will be collected for research analysis outside of the classroom (actual coursework samples, test scores, observation notes, etc.) and describe how it will be used; clarify whether the entire class will take the curriculum being studied, or if only a part of the class will use the curriculum being studied and part will continue the old/current curriculum as a control

7) Description of the extent to which subjects will be identified, directly or indirectly through codes or identifiers, including:
• whether or not subjects will be identified, either by name, appearance, or nature of data (demographic data including age, gender, ethnicity, affiliations, etc.)
• procedure to protect privacy and confidentiality
• how and where collected data will be stored and for how long
• who will have access to the data and under what circumstances
• any other aspects regarding confidentiality

8) Description of benefits of the research in general and benefits to the subjects, if any:
• indirect benefits (to class of participants represented, general body of knowledge, or society-at-large)
• direct benefits to subjects (including monetary compensation or other tangible incentive to participate) or state that there are no direct benefits to the subjects

9) Detailed description of any reasonably foreseeable risks or discomforts to the subjects as a result of each procedure, including discomfort or embarrassment with survey or interview questions, exposure to minor pain, discomfort, injury from invasive medical procedures, or harm from possible side effects of drugs. All projects are deemed to involve some level of risk to human subjects, however obvious or obscure. Proposals that state there is no risk must qualify exactly why there is no risk. Generally, there is always some risk, even if minimal. Proposals must state:
• that minimal risk is involved when the proposed research is viewed as involving little or no risk to human subjects. Risk is minimal where the probability and magnitude of harm or discomfort anticipated in the proposed research are not greater, in and of themselves, than those ordinarily encountered in daily life or during the performance of routine physical or psychological examinations or tests. Even when risk is minimal, investigators must still state what the minimal is and why it is minimal.
• whether the research may involve greater than minimal risk, and what protection and/or treatment will be provided to subjects in the event of a research-related injury, including who will pay for necessary treatment and the availability of other financial compensation. When the research involves greater than minimal risk, a data safety and monitoring plan must be included.
• the likelihood, severity, duration, and effects of each potential risk. Common risks may include physical injury or harm; psychological trauma, stress or harm; social (invasion of privacy or breach of confidentiality) and/or related economic harm; legal risks (such as state or local law requirement to report child abuse or neglect).
• description of methods to minimize risks, including how and by whom treatment may be offered (including counseling for psychological distress), and qualifications of persons performing procedures or collecting data.
• description of treatment available, referrals for treatment and/or counseling, including estimate of costs involved and who will be responsible for those costs.

10) Description of procedure to obtain informed consent or other information to be provided to participant, including
• how and by whom subjects will be approached to obtain consent
• how information will be relayed to subject (read to, allowed to read, audiotaped, videotaped). If information will be audio or video recorded, the following information must be included in the proposal and the informed consent form: (1) who will have access to the audiotapes, where the tapes will be stored, when the tapes will be destroyed (or that they will be kept indefinitely and why), and whether the tapes will be used in other studies or for future research; (2) if the recordings will be kept indefinitely, the consent should state that subjects have the right to review and delete recordings that will be kept indefinitely or shared outside of the research team; and (3) a check-box or signature line for consent to be audio or video recorded (separate from the signature line for consent to participate).
• description of feedback, debriefing, or counseling referral to be provided
• procedure to obtain assent of children of an age and mental capacity deemed capable of providing such. Assent must be obtained in a separate document and/or in a separate location from the parent(s). Assent can be oral or written depending on age and maturity of the child.
• for curriculum-based action studies conducted in classroom settings, student subjects may have to complete all the class assignments for the curriculum as part of their normal course work for a grade, but students (and their parents) are free to give or withhold their permission for the investigator to use that work outside of the classroom for research.

Informed consent is a process, not just a form. Information about the research must be presented IN CLEAR, UNDERSTANDABLE LANGUAGE to enable persons to voluntarily decide whether or not to participate as a research subject. The procedures should be designed to educate the subject population in terms that they can understand. To be effective, informed consent forms must be written in “lay” language at an appropriate reading level to be understandable to the people being asked to participate or provide consent for a minor to participate. The average individual only reads at an 8th grade level. Informed consent forms should be written to the participant, for example, “You will be asked to fill out a survey.” Requests for parental consent should be written to the parent referring to their child, for example, “I will ask your child to read aloud to the group,” “Your child will be asked to complete a 3-page questionnaire.”

Requests for participant assent (for subjects under 18 years of age) should be separate from the parental consent form and written at an age appropriate reading level. Assent can be obtained orally (but must be documented) depending on the age and maturity of the child.

Checklist for consent/information form (all of these items MUST be in the consent form):

• A statement that the study involves research, an explanation of the purpose of the research and the expected duration of the subject’s participation, a description of the procedures to be followed, and identification of any procedures which are experimental.
• A detailed and specific description of any potential risks or discomforts to the subject. The consent form should state why minimal risk is involved when the proposed research is viewed as involving little or no foreseeable risk to human subjects.
• A description of any benefits to the subject or to others which may reasonably be expected from the research. Include indirect benefits such as contribution to the general body of knowledge to benefit the class of participants represented or society-at-large, and direct benefits to subjects including any monetary compensation or tangible incentive (or state that there are no direct benefits to the subjects).
• A disclosure of appropriate alternative procedures or courses of treatment, if any, that might be advantageous to the subject.
• A statement describing how and to what extent confidentiality of records identifying the subject will be maintained, including who will have access to the data, for what purposes, how the data will be stored, and for how long.
• For research involving more than minimal risk, an explanation as to whether any compensation will be provided and an explanation as to what medical treatments will be provided if injury occurs and, if so, what they consist of, who will be responsible for medical expenses, and where further information may be obtained.
• Information about who to contact for answers to questions about the research, including a UW department, principal investigator’s name, faculty advisor name if an undergraduate or graduate student is the investigator, and phone number. Also include contact information for questions about rights as a research subject (University of Wyoming IRB Administrator 307-766-5320).
• A statement that participation is voluntary, refusal to participate will involve no penalty or loss of benefits to which the subject is otherwise entitled, and the subject may discontinue participation at any time without penalty or loss of benefits to which the subject is otherwise entitled.

To obtain effective informed consent, the statement regarding voluntary participation must be understood by the person (subject) giving their consent, whether for themselves, or on behalf of their child. To insure that the voluntary nature of a subject’s participation is fully understood, the voluntary statement must be written in age/education appropriate language. THE FREEDOM OF CONSENT STATEMENT APPLIES TO ALL TYPES OF PROJECTS AND MUST APPEAR ON THE CONSENT FORM or OTHER INFORMATION THAT WILL BE GIVEN TO THE PARTICIPANTS. For research involving children, it should be clear that the child subject will be free to refuse to participate and may withdraw participation at any time during the study, even if parental consent has been obtained. Remember that for curriculum-based action studies conducted in classroom settings, note that student subjects may have to complete all the class assignments for the curriculum as part of their normal course work for a grade, but students (and their parents) are free to give or withhold their permission for the investigator to use that work outside of the classroom for research.

• Description of how a subject may withdraw their participation.
• If appropriate, a statement that the particular treatment or procedure may involve risks which are currently unforeseeable.
• If appropriate, anticipated circumstances under which a subject’s participation may be terminated by the investigator.
• If appropriate, any additional costs to the subject that may result from participation in the research.
• If appropriate, the consequences of a subject’s decision to withdraw.
• Space for the printed name and signature of subject. Depending on the age and ability of subjects under 18 years of age, the IRB requires that the assent of the minor subject be on a separate form in addition to the consent of the parent or guardian.

The actual consent or assent form which will be provided to human subjects must be approved by the IRB and research subjects should receive a copy of the form at the time it is signed.

11) Attach copies of survey instruments, interview questions, tests, and other pertinent documentation that will be used to conduct the research. The name and phone number of an appropriate person to contact for more information about the study must appear on information letters or survey instruments for projects where a consent form is not required. Attach copies of flyers or other means to be used to advertise to solicit/recruit subjects. All recruitment and advertising materials must be submitted to and approved by the IRB.

12) If the principal investigator is a graduate or undergraduate student, submit a Supervisor Approval Checklist (Appendix R in the IRB Policies and Procedures Manual) filled out by the faculty advisor. The IRB will not approve a proposal without the Supervisor Approval Checklist signed by the faculty advisor.

13) If subjects will be solicited through an institution such as a school or hospital, or if the research will be conducted at such an institution, provide a letter of agreement/approval to do so from an authorized representative of that institution. Letters of agreement/approval from the individuals at the institution that will work directly with the researcher either by allowing access to the subjects (i.e. teacher allowing access to classroom) or actively participating by collecting consent forms, distributing surveys, or collecting data are also desirable. The IRB will not approve a proposal without the proper letter(s) of support.

Questions regarding the submission of research proposals involving human subjects may be directed to Linda Osterman, Research Coordinator (766-5320; [email protected]), Tara Nelson, Legal Counsel (766-4121; [email protected]), or Dorothy Yates, Associate Vice President of Research and Economic Development (766-5320; [email protected])
CONSENT FORM OUTLINE

I. General purpose of the study:

Why are you conducting this study? What do you hope to gain from this study? Why should subjects participate?

II. Procedure:

How and where will the study be conducted? Who will be conducting the study? What will the subject be expected to do? How much of the subject’s time is needed?

III. Disclosure of risks

State why risks involved in participation are minimal, or if the project involves more than minimal risk, describe in detail all potential risks of the study, and procedures to minimize risks.

IV. Description of benefits:

List any direct/indirect benefits to the subject, including compensation or incentive, if any.

V. Confidentiality:

What level of confidentiality will be afforded to subjects? How will confidentiality be protected? Who will have access to the data, how will the data be protected, and how long will the data be kept? Will the data be used for research purposes at any time other than the purpose(s) stated above? Please note that confidentiality cannot be guaranteed, but you can describe the methods you will use to protect confidentiality. Confidential and anonymous are not the same, please use the applicable terminology for your study.

VI. Freedom of consent:

Include a statement such as: “My participation (my child’s participation) is voluntary and my (my child’s) refusal to participate will not involve penalty or loss of benefits to which I am (my child is) otherwise entitled, and I (my child) may discontinue participation at any time without penalty or loss of benefits to which I am (my child is) otherwise entitled.”

For studies involving classroom students: “I understand that my (my child’s) refusal to participate or my (my child’s) withdrawal at any point will not affect my (my child’s) course grade or class standing.”

This statement should be written in language appropriate for the age and level of education of the subjects.
Include procedures for subject, or parent/guardian on behalf of subject, to withdraw from study.

VII. Questions about the research:

Include name, address and phone number where principal investigator/faculty advisor can be reached during normal business hours. Also include the statement “If you have questions about your rights as a research subject, please contact the University of Wyoming IRB Administrator at 307-766-5320.”

VIII. Consent/assent to participate:

____________________________________________
Printed name of participant

____________________________________________ ______________________
Participant signature Date

IX. Parental consent required for all subjects under 18 years of age.

Parental consent must include all the elements of a normal consent form and must be SEPARATE from the minor’s assent (the minor and parent need to consider participation independently).

PARENTAL SIGNATURE EXAMPLE:

As parent or legal guardian, I hereby give my permission for (child’s name) __________________________________ to participate in the research described above.
(printed name of participant)

____________________________________________
Printed name of parent/legal guardian

____________________________________________ ______________________
Parent/legal guardian signature Date

Creating an IRB Proposal. You DO NOT actually submit this to the university IRB.

See the uploaded file “IRB Guidelines” for information about what’s required for such a submission.

A final homework paper will constitute 100 points of your grade. Choose and summarize research on a topic related to one of the criminal justice subfield areas to create a mock study. You will determine the type of study, hypothesis, participants, and methods. You will put all of the parts discussed in the “IRB Guidelines” including an informed consent.

Your work must be in Times New Roman, 12-point font, and double spaced with 1” margins (default on most word processor programs is 1.25” so check!).

You must have a minimum of five sources as part of your literature review. All sources must be a journal reference from a refereed academic journal (i.e. Justice Quarterly, Law and Human Behavior, Criminology, Psychology, Crime and Law, etc.). If you have a doubt or question, just ask. Students must use APA appropriate reference citations and sources must be listed in a reference page.