Posted: May 11th, 2015

Australian policing remains strongly influenced by our colonial history. Do you think this is true?

Police History

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Police History
Research Question
Australian policing remains strongly influenced by our colonial history. Do you think this is true?
The colonial history may have some influence on the Australian policing, but the influence is not so strong. The topic sentences below seek to justify this assertion.
1-Topic Sentence: The history of police have evolved within three stages namely; informal policing, transitional policing and formal policing. For this reason, it is unlikely that the colonial history strongly influence Australian policing.
Evidence/ research: To prove this point, I plan to borrow from Shepard (2002) discussion of the above stages and their time of occurrence in history to refute the possibility of a strong influence of colonial history on Australian policing.
2- Topic Sentence: The role of the police has significantly changed from being agents of the state to servants of the citizens. This is enough prove the colonial history has little or no influence on the Australian policing. This assertion is true because the colonial policing system used police as the agents of the state, but in the contemporary Australia, police are the servants of citizens.
Evidence/ research: To assert this claims, I will use Finnane& Paisley (2006) literature which discusses the changed roles of contemporary police institution in Australia.
3- Topic Sentence: Over time, the perspective on the policing institutions has changed. The shift is from the institutions for the maintenance of an orderly environment to institutions for helping the citizens in maintaining order themselves.
Evidence/ research: To support this assertion, I will use Dinnen& Braithwaite (2010) article in proving that the perspective of the policing institutions has changed significantly from the colonial period hence little influence on policing by colonial history.
4- Topic Sentence: There is reduced police institutional complexity. As opposed to the colonial era complexity of policing institutions, there is reduced institutional complexity in contemporary Australia. This simplicity is contrary to colonial complexity hence little influence on the contemporary policing.
Evidence/ research: To assert this point, I will use Finnane&Myrtley (2007) article which proves the existence of simplicity in policing institutions.
5- Topic Sentence: Today, the Australian policing is characterized by high accountability, effectiveness and integrity. As argued, these three elements are vital to ensuring that every citizen maintain their safety, security and freedom. As compared to contemporary policing, the colonial system was marred by insecurity, limited freedom and unsafety. As such, it is unlikely that the colonial history strongly influences Australian policing.
Evidence/ research: To assert this point, I intend to use Beckley (2013) journal article which reflects on the research done by commissions on the accountability, effectiveness and integrity of the policing system.
6- Topic Sentence: Colonial policing systems focused on reducing public expenditure on the convicted individuals through self-financing colony. This colony was achieved through the development of own economy made up of convict labor. Contrary to the assertion, government invest resources tirelessly in the contemporary systems. As such, the statement that Australian policing is strongly influenced by the colonial history is notwithstanding.
Evidence/ research: To prove this claim, I will use Australia-migration.com (2015) to show that the expenditure contribution of the colonial government and contemporary government are different.
7- Topic Sentence: Nowadays, police all over the world have access to limitless information unlike during the colonial times. They are thus able to trade ideas and familiarities globally, training, education, and a better understanding of how policing contribute to good quality life. As such, policing today is not strongly influenced by colonial history.
Evidence/ research: To support this claim, I will use Murray (2000) article on the imminent changes in policing systems of Australia.
8- Topic Sentence: In the modern era, policing has changed its language, technology, analytics and symbols. It has also made broad the range of outcomes, interventions and clients. These changes make the modern policing different from that of colonial history.
Evidence/ research: To support this assertion, I will use Greene (2007) argument in his book to prove that Australian policing experience little influence from the colonial history.

Works Cited
Australia-migration.com, (2015). History – Australian history. [online] Available at: http://www.australia-migration.com/page/History/238 [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015].
Beckley, A. (2013). Royal Commissions into Policing-Australia. [online] Available at: http://www.salusjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/2013/03/Beckley_Salus_Journal_Issue_1_Number_3_2013_pp_33-52.pdf [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015].
Dinnen, S. and Braithwaite, J. (2010). Policing and Society. [online] Available at: https://www.anu.edu.au/fellows/jbraithwaite/_documents/Articles/Colonial_Kiap.pdf [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015].
Finnane, M. and Myrtley, J. (2007). An Exercise in Police Co-operation? The Origins of the Conference of Australian Police Commissioners. [online] Www98.griffith.edu.au. Available at: http://www98.griffith.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/handle/10072/41923/73409_1.pdf?sequence=1 [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015].
Finnane, M. and Paisley, F. (2015). Police violence and the limits of law on a late colonial frontier: the “Borroloola case” in 1930s Australia. [online] Www98.griffith.edu.au. Available at: http://www98.griffith.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/handle/10072/36549/66390_1.pdf?sequence=1 [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015].
Greene, J. (2007). The Encyclopedia of Police Science. [online] Google Books. Available at: https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=HIE_zF1Rv7MC&pg=PA79&lpg=PA79&dq=influence+of+colonial+history+on+Australian+policing&source=bl&ots=fXqygD2l_L&sig=y6wN7kAFkNFXykICwv1OsQIcCH4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=OfoLVen7KaaP7AaW2YGABw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015].
Murray, T. (2000). Police and the Challenge of the 21st Century: Managing Change in Police Organizations – Australian Federal Police. [online] Afp.gov.au. Available at: http://www.afp.gov.au/media-centre/publications/platypus/previous-editions/2000/september-2000/2-21century [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015].
Shepard, R. (2015). Police: History-FREE Police: History information | Encyclopedia.com: Find Police: History research. [online] Encyclopedia.com. Available at: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3403000181.html [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015].

Length: 2000
The research essay is the major piece of work for the semester. Students are required to select one of five research questions, conduct in-depth research and construct a well framed, critical argument. Essays should be well supported by scholarly research and interact with relevant policing theories.

Essay questions:
 Police history- Australian policing remains strongly influenced by our colonial history. Do you think this is true?

Things to keep in mind:
• Take the time to plan properly. A 2000 word essay is a substantial piece of writing but, once you break it up into components pieces, it is less space than you might think. Paragraphs should generally be around 150 words, meaning that 13-14 paragraphs will make up the whole essay.

• Back up your claims with research. This means not only making a claim and but also supporting that claim with evidence (i.e. references to scholarly sources). Good essays are well supported by research. Aim to include 2-3 references in each paragraph in the body of your essay.

• Discuss and explain relevant policing theories and concepts. This means not just describing the specifics of individual case studies or events, but linking them to broader ideas (e.g. colonial policing, broken windows theory, etc.).

• Reflect critically on the ideas you are writing about. This means not just describing things but also weighing up arguments and different points of view and pointing out associated strengths and limitations.

• Start writing early. A 2000 word essay takes time to put together and you may find that your approach changes as you conduct your research.

• Use appropriate sources, particularly peer-reviewed articles and books. You may use other sources to provide supporting information (e.g. the ABS or BOCSAR sites for crime statistics). Include at least 8 references in your research essay. This is a minimum requirement – higher grades will likely have more than this.

• Note that this is a research exercise – as such you may use references from the set reading list and course textbook but these will not count towards the minimum 8 references required.

• Do not use non-scholarly sources, e.g. random websites, Wikipedia, etc. Also remember that this is a research essay – we want to see how well you can find your own information. This means we want to see referencing beyond the resources that we have given to you (i.e. your course textbook and required readings).

• Reference properly. The required referencing style is SAGE Harvard, the same as for your paper summary.

• Discuss your essay plan and any potential problematic issues with your tutor. They can provide you with specific advice about your chosen topic and theory, and advise you on the best approaches to take.

• Read the rubric! It contains all of the information that will be used by markers to assess your work.